Preface

In the historical process, while people used simple tools and production tools in primitive ages, living standards have increased due to the technological developments made thanks to the effect of knowledge accumulated over centuries, and societies have evolved into today's modern life. Technological developments have brought many problems as well as solutions that make our lives easier.

While societies keep up with technological developments, increases in energy consumption are also striking in parallel with this. This increase in energy needs forced the authorities to discover energy production methods other than traditional ones, and studies were carried out in this direction. As it is known, the use of renewable energy sources as an alternative to traditional energy production methods is increasing rapidly around the world. Renewable energy sources are becoming more and more important phenomena for humanity with the increasing trend in global carbon emissions. When we look at the world, many countries declare that they will increase their installed power based on renewable energy sources in their near and long-term plans. According to the reports of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the total installed generation capacity of renewable energy sources worldwide reached 3064 GW by the end of 2021.

The most important problems of the modern life we ​​live in are the climate crisis and the problem of global warming. With global warming, the temperature of the earth is increasing unusually and this situation affects the vital functions of all humanity and living species and poses life-threatening dangers. The root of the problem, unfortunately, is the increase in carbon emissions, which is largely human-induced.

Since the 19th century, with the influence of the industrial revolution, production and consumption have increased, and human wants and needs have diversified. With the development of medical science and technology, the demands of the increasing human population have also led to an increase in mass production. All production and consumption stages have caused an extraordinary increase in carbon emissions, and as a result, global warming and climate crisis have emerged.